Ynet News stated on 18 January that Palestinian activists built an outpost on a disputed area in Beit Iksa , where Israel plans to construct part of the separation fence in the Jerusalem vicinity while the Palestinians claim that the area belongs to the residents of Beit Iksa.
As of April the length of the barrier as approved by the Israeli government is kilometers mi long. Opponents claim the barrier is an illegal attempt to annex Palestinian land under the guise of security, [] violates international law, [] has the intent or effect to pre-empt final status negotiations, [] and severely restricts Palestinian livelihoods, particularly limiting their freedom of movement within and from the West Bank thereby undermining their economy.
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After the signing of the Oslo Accords , the West Bank was divided into 11 governorates under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian National Authority. Since there are two governments claiming to be the legitimate government of the Palestinian National Authority, one based in the West Bank and one based in the Gaza Strip. This crossing point is controlled by Israel since Goods were exported to Jordan, while the import was banned for security purposes.
However, Israel remained the major responsible party for this crossing point. According to the agreement, Israel has the right to independently inspect luggage and to maintain security. In addition, it can prevent anyone from using the crossing. Amnesty International has criticized the way that the Israeli state is dealing with the regional water resources:. Discriminatory Israeli policies in the OPT are the root cause of the striking disparity in access to water between Palestinians and Israelis The inequality is even more pronounced between Palestinian communities and unlawful Israeli settlements, established in the OPT in violation of international law.
Swimming pools, well-watered lawns and large irrigated farms in Israeli settlements in the OPT stand in stark contrast next to Palestinian villages whose inhabitants struggle even to meet their essential domestic water needs. In parts of the West Bank, Israeli settlers use up to 20 times more water per capita than neighbouring Palestinian communities, who survive on barely 20 litres of water per capita a day— the minimum amount recommended by the WHO for emergency situations response.
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Israeli settlers in the West Bank have seized dozens of wells from Palestinians. The wells are privately owned by Palestinians and the settlers forcible took them, gave them Hebrew names and, with the assistance of the Israeli military, prevent Arab people, including the wells' owners, from using the wells and the pools the wells feed. Israel ratified the international Basel Convention treaty on Israel on 14 December , according to which, any transfer of waste must be performed with an awareness of the dangers posed to the disempowered occupied people.
It forbids the creation among them of "environmental sacrifice zones.
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The military authorities do not render public the details of these operations. These materials consist of such things as sewage sludge, infectious medical waste, used oils, solvents, metals, electronic waste and batteries. Only 4 of 53 indictments for waste pollution were made over the years from to , whereas in Israel the laws are strictly applied and, in alone, enforcements for the same abuse were enforced.
Israel at times insisted its approval was conditional on linking the grid to Israeli settlements, which neither the donors nor Palestinians accepted.
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Most of the infrastructure was subsequently destroyed by IDF military operations. Unlike the data available for sewage treatment within Israel, the Israeli Water Commission refuses to provide public reports on 15 million cubic metres of sewage flowing from Israeli settlements in the West Bank. Since then some improvements have been implemented. The landfill near Al-Jiftlik in the Jericho Governorate , built on absentee Palestinian property without planning or an environment impact analysis, is for the exclusive use of waste, 1, tons per day, produced by Israeli settlements and cities within Israel.
Even if a permit is given without this agreement, settler waste under military escort is still dumped there. Many waste treatment facilities in the West Bank were built for processing waste generated inside Israeli sovereign territory, according to B'Tselem , Israel's leading human rights organization for monitoring the West Bank.
One year later, its functions, objectives and responsibilities were defined through a by-law, giving the PWA the mandate to manage water resources and execute the water policy.
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Based on the number of quarries per km 2 in Areas A and B, it is calculated that, were Israel to lift restrictions, a further quarries could be opened in Area C. The Oslo Accords agreed to hand over mining rights to the Palestinian Authority. The state did undertake not to open more quarries. The European company obtained a concession and license to harvest stone, whereas Israel refuses permits for most of the roughly 40 Beit Fajar quarries, or nearly any other Palestinian-owned quarry in the West Bank under Israeli administration.
Israel had denied Palestinians permits to process minerals in that area of the West Bank. Albert Glock argued that Israel is responsible for the disappearance of significant parts of the Palestinian cultural patrimony, by confiscating Arab cultural resources. The journalist Hamdi Faraj, jailed for endangering public order, had his volume library confiscated, including copies of the Bible and Qur'an and, when he applied for their restitution, was told all the books had been accidentally burnt.
The Palestinian territories contain several of the most significant sites for Muslims, Christians and Jews, and are endowed with a world-class heritage highly attractive to tourists and pilgrims. Acri claimed the ban responds to fears by settlers who operate tourist concessions in this West Bank area that they will lose Jewish customers if there are too many West Bank Palestinians on the beaches. All access points are controlled by Israel and the road system, checkpoints and obstacles in place for visitors desiring to visit Palestinian towns leaves their hotels half-empty.
Obstacles placed in the way of Palestinian-managed tourism down to included withholding licenses from tour guides, and hotels, for construction or renovation, and control of airports and highways, enabling Israel to develop a virtual monopoly on tourism. In December , an official census conducted by the Palestinian Authority found that the Palestinian Arab population of the West Bank including East Jerusalem was 2,, There are , Israeli settlers living in the West Bank excluding East Jerusalem, [] as well as around , living in Israeli-annexed East Jerusalem.
There are also small ethnic groups, such as the Samaritans living in and around Nablus , numbering in the hundreds. As of October , around 23, Palestinians in the West Bank worked in Israel every day, while another 9, worked in Israeli settlements. In addition, around 10, Palestinian traders from the West Bank were allowed to travel every day into Israel. The most densely populated part of the region is a mountainous spine, running north—south, where the cities of Jerusalem , Nablus , Ramallah , al-Bireh , Jenin , Bethlehem , Hebron and Yattah are located as well as the Israeli settlements of Ariel , Ma'ale Adumim and Beitar Illit.
Ramallah, although relatively mid in population compared to other major cities as Hebron , Nablus and Jenin , serves as an economic and political center for the Palestinians. Near Ramallah the new city of Rawabi is under construction. The remainder are Christian mostly Greek Orthodox and others. In , the West Bank and Gaza Strip together had 4, km 2, mi of roadways. It has been said that for "Jewish settlers, roads connect ; for Palestinians, they separate.
A large number of embankments, concrete slabs and barriers impeded movement on primary and secondary roads. The result was to cantonize and fragment Palestinian townships, and cause endless obstacles to Palestinians going to work, schools, markets and relatives.
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Though prohibited by law, confiscation of Palestinian identity cards at checkpoints is a daily occurrence. At best drivers must wait for several hours for them to be returned, when, as can happen, the IDs themselves are lost as soldiers change shifts, in which case Palestinians are directed to some regional office the next day, and more checkpoints to get there. It concluded that such imposed restrictions had a major negative impact on the local economy, hindering stability and growth. Some 2, flying checkpoints were rigged up along West Bank roads, averaging some a month, in A further unstaffed physical obstacles, such as dirt mounds, concrete blocks, gates and fenced sections had been placed on roads for Palestinian use.
Of the gates erected at village entrances, 59 were always closed. Transportation infrastructure is particularly problematic as Palestinian use of roads in Area C is highly restricted, and travel times can be inordinate; the Palestinian Authority has also been unable to develop roads, airports or railways in or through Area C, [] while many other roads were restricted only to public transportation and to Palestinians who have special permits from Israeli authorities.
At certain times, Israel maintained more than checkpoints or roadblocks in the region. Israeli restrictions were tightened in There is a road, Route , which has a concrete wall dividing the two sides, one designated for Israeli vehicles, the other for Palestinian. The wall is designed to allow Palestinians to pass north—south through Israeli-held land and facilitate the building of additional Jewish settlements in the Jerusalem neighborhood.
As of February [update] , a plan for kilometer rail network, establishing 11 new rail lines in West Bank, was confirmed by Israeli Transportation Ministry. Another would provide service along the Jordanian border from Eilat to the Dead Sea, Jericho and Beit She'an and from there toward Haifa in the west and in also in a northeasterly direction.
The only airport in the West Bank is the Atarot Airport near Ramallah , but it has been closed since The Palestinian Paltel telecommunication companies provide communication services such as landline , cellular network and Internet in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Until , the Palestinian mobile market was monopolized by Jawwal. A new mobile operator for the territories launched in under the name of Wataniya Telecom.
The number of Internet users increased from 35, in to , in The Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation broadcasts from an AM station in Ramallah on kHz; numerous local privately owned stations are also in operation. Most Palestinian households have a radio and TV, and satellite dishes for receiving international coverage are widespread. Recently, PalTel announced and has begun implementing an initiative to provide ADSL broadband internet service to all households and businesses.
The Al-Aqsa TV station shares these offices. Most universities in the West Bank have politically active student bodies, and elections of student council officers are normally along party affiliations. Although the establishment of the universities was initially allowed by the Israeli authorities, some were sporadically ordered closed by the Israeli Civil Administration during the s and s to prevent political activities and violence against the IDF.
Some universities remained closed by military order for extended periods during years immediately preceding and following the first Palestinian Intifada, but have largely remained open since the signing of the Oslo Accords despite the advent of the Al-Aqsa Intifada Second Intifada in The founding of Palestinian universities has greatly increased education levels among the population in the West Bank.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Territory claimed by the State of Palestine. This article is about the geographic region. For other uses, see West Bank disambiguation. Palestine claimed territory, control in Area A green and B dark red Israel unilaterally annexed East Jerusalem blue , internationally recognized as Israeli-occupied Area C pink occupied and controlled by Israel.
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Palestinian Arabic Modern Hebrew. Part of a series on the. Rashidun Jund Filastin , Jund al-Urdunn.
Main article: Jordanian annexation of the West Bank. Main article: Israeli occupation of the West Bank. Area assigned for a Jewish state. Area assigned for an Arab state. Planned Corpus separatum with the intention that Jerusalem would be neither Jewish nor Arab. Israeli controlled territory from Egyptian and Jordanian controlled territory from until Main article: Status of territories occupied by Israel in This box: view talk edit. Main article: Palestinian National Authority. Main article: International law and Israeli settlements. Main article: Israeli West Bank barrier.
Main article: Governorates of Palestine. See also: Judea and Samaria Area. Main article: Economy of the Palestinian territories.
Main article: Water supply and sanitation in the Palestinian territories. Main article: Water supply and sanitation in the State of Palestine. Main article: Tourism in the Palestinian territories. Main article: Demographics of the Palestinian territories. Main article: Telecommunications in the Palestinian territories. Predictably, it was the photo negative of Allon's. The mountain ridge — not the lowlands along the Jordan — was the strategic land Israel needed, Dayan asserted.